Tuesday, 09-Aug-2022 00:45:42 GMT
Endemic Species and Subspecies of the Marshalls and Micronesia
Contents:
PLANTS
Class Hepaticae (liverworts)
Family Poaceae (grasses)
Family Liliaceae (lilies)
ANIMALS
CNIDARIANS
Family Stylasteridae
Family Gorgonia?
Sea anemones, etc.
MOLLUSKS
Order Mesogastropoda
Family Assimineidae
Family Strombidae
Family Pupinidae
ARTHROPODS
ARACHNIDA
Order Pseudoscorpionida
Order Opiliones (harvestmen)
INSECTS
Order Embioptera (web spinners)
Order Psocoptera (book lice)
Order Heteroptera (true bugs)
Order Homoptera (hoppers, aphids, scales, etc.)
Order Coleoptera (beetles)
Order Lepidoptera (moths and butterflies)
Order Diptera (flies, gnats, midges, etc.)
Order Hymenoptera (ants, bees, wasps)
ECHINODERMS
FISHES
REPTILES
BIRDS
MAMMALS
REFERENCES
Endemic - "native of, but confined to, a definite geographic area, such as a single island of part of an island".
For the purpose of this listing, endemic refers to plants and animals native to the islands and atolls of Micronesia, (Caroline Islands, Palau, Yap, Chuuk, Pohnpei, Kosrae, the Mariana Islands, Kiribati and Nauru). A few that are Marshalls and limited nearby Polynesian or other island groups are also included. Endemicism is often hard to establish and upon further research, some of the species/subspecies listed below may prove to have a wider range. However, further research may also yield further endemics.
PLANTS
Class Hepaticae (liverworts)
Scientific name: Cololejeunea kapingaensis
Common name: liverwort
Range: Southern Marshalls, Carolines
Scientific name: Lejenea aloboidea
Common name: liverwort
Range: Southern Marshalls, Carolines
Scientific name: Lejenea clavata
Common name: liverwort
Range: Southern Marshalls, Carolines
Family Poaceae (grasses)
Scientific name: Lepturopetium marshallense
Common name: grass
Range: Enewetak, Kwajelein, Rota
Family Liliaceae (lilies)
Scientific name: Crinum bakeri
Common name: false spider lily
Range: Marshalls, Kiribati, some isolated Caroline atolls (figured to be of prehistoric horticultural origin)
ANIMALS
CNIDARIANS
Family Stylasteridae
Scientific name: Distichopora sp.
Common name: lace coral (violet with white tips)
Range: Micronesia
Family Gorgonia?
Scientific name: Acabaria sp.
Common name: sea fan
Range: Micronesia
Sea anemones, etc.
Scientific name: cf. Condylactis sp.
Common name: sea anemone in coral rubble
Range: Micronesia
Scientific name: Protopalythoa sp.
Common name: zoanthid
Range: Micronesia
Scientific name: Discosoma sp.
Common name: corallimorpharia
Range: Micronesia
MOLLUSKS
Order Mesogastropoda
Family Assimineidae
Scientific name: Paludinella semperi
Common name: operculate freshwater snail
Range: Marshalls, Palau
Family Strombidae
Scientific name: Strombus taurus
Common name: bull conch
Range: Marshalls, Marianas
Family Pupinidae
Scientific name: Pupina complanata
Common name: pupina
Range: Marshalls, Federated States of Micronesia
ARTHROPODS
ARACHNIDA
Order Pseudoscorpionida
Scientific name: Lechytia sakagamii
Common name: pseudoscorpion
Range: Marshalls, Caroline Atolls, Marcus
Scientific name: Nesidiochernes maculatus
Common name: pseudoscorpion
Range: Marshalls, Kosrae
Scientific name: Oratemnus samoanus whartoni
Common name: pseudoscorpion
Range: Enewetak, Western Carolines, Okinawa
Order Opiliones (harvestmen)
Scientific name: Zalmoxis soliataria
Common name: harvestman
Range: Marshalls, Pohnpei
INSECTS
Order Embioptera (web spinners)
Scientific name: Oligotoma (Apothonia) micronesiae
Common name: web spinner
Range: Marshalls, Kiribati, Marianas
Order Psocoptera (book lice)
Scientific name: Entopsocus villosus
Common name: book louse
Range: Marshalls, Chuuk, Pohnpei, Kosrae
Scientific name: Heterocaecilius campanula
Common name: book louse
Range: Marshalls, Caroline Atolls, Pohnpei, Kiribati
Order Heteroptera (true bugs)
Scientific name: Chiastoplonia pygmaea
Common name: pygmy flat bug
Range: Marshalls, Carolines, Samoa
Scientific name: Nysius picipes
Common name: chinch bug
Range: Marshalls, Wake, Kiribati
Scientific name: Campylomma marshallensis
Common name: plant bugs
Range: Marshalls, Kiribati
Order Homoptera (hoppers, aphids, scales, etc.)
Family Cixidae - FAMILY ENDEMIC TO CENTRAL EASTERN CAROLINES AND MARSHALLS
Scientific name: Myndus apicalis
Common name: cixid insect
Range: Marshalls, Caroline Atolls, Chuuk, Pohnpei, Kosrae
Scientific name: Myndus praecanus
Common name: cixid insect
Range: Marshalls, Pohnpei, Kosrae
Family Delphacidae
Scientific name: Ugyops superciliata
Common name: delphacid insect
Range: Marshalls, Caroline Atolls
Family Derbidae
Scientific name: Flaccia dione
Common name: derbid insect
Range: Marshalls, Caroline Atolls, Kosrae
Family Diaspididae
Scientific name: Furcapsis oceanica
Common name: coconut red scale
Range: Marshalls, Micronesia
Family Pseudococcidae
Scientific name: Pseudococcus marshallensis
Common name: Marshall's mealybug
Range: Marshalls, Kosrae
Scientific name: Pseudococcus microadonidum
Common name: mealybug
Range: Marshalls, Kiribati, Chuuk, Pohnpei
Order Coleoptera (beetles)
Family Anthicidae
Scientific name: Anthicus insularis
Common name: anthicid beetle
Range: Marshalls, Micronesia
Scientific name: Anthicus vexator
Common name: anthicid beetle
Range: Marshalls, Carolines, Kiribati, Phoenix, Hawaii
Family Cerambycidae (longhorn beetles)
Scientific name: Parmeopedus minimus
Common name: longhorn beetle
Range: Marshalls, Caroline Atolls, Chuuk, Pohnpei
Scientific name: Prosoplus atlanticus atlanticus
Common name: longhorn beetle
Range: Marshalls, Pohnpei
Scientific name: Prosoplus xyalopus
Common name: longhorn beetle
Range: Marshalls, Kiribati, Yap, Caroline Atolls
Family Chrisomelidae
Scientific name: Brontispa chalybeipennis
Common name: Pohnpei coconut leaf beetle
Range: Marshalls, Pohnpei, Kosrae (introduced into Hawaii)
Family Coccinellidae (ladybird beetles)
Scientific name: Scymnus uncinus
Common name: ladybird beetle
Range: Marshalls, Kiribati
Family Curculionidae (weevils)
Scientific name: Trigonops hirsuta
Common name: weevil
Range: Marshalls, Guam
Family Oedemeridae
Scientific name: Eobia new sp.
Common name: oedemid beetle
Range: Marshalls, Kiribati "
Family Propalticidae
Scientific name: Propalticus insularis
Common name: propalticid beetle
Range: Marshalls, Micronesia
Family Scolytidae (bark beetles)
Scientific name: Cryphalomophus nubilus
Common name: bark beetle
Range: Marshalls, Kosrae, Caroline Atolls
Family Tenebrionidae (darkling ground beetles)
Scientific name: Uloma lariversi
Common name: darkling ground beetle
Range: Marshalls, Kosrae
Order Lepidoptera (moths and butterflies)
Family Noctuidae
Scientific name: Nagia hieratica
Common name: cutworm
Range: Marshalls, Kiribati, Yap, Pohnpei
Order Diptera (flies, gnats, midges, etc.)
Family Canaceidae - FAMILY ENDEMIC TO MICRONESIA
Scientific name: Procanace townesi
Common name: canaceid
Range: Marshalls, Kosrae
Family Ceratopogonidae (biting midges, sand flies, no-see-ums)
Scientific name: Dasyhelea flavibasalis
Common name: sand fly/no-see-um
Range: Marshalls, Pohnpei?
Scientific name: Dasyhelea pallivitta
Common name: sand fly/no-see-um
Range: Marshalls, Kosrae
Family Chironomidae
Scientific name: Smittia yapensis
Common name: chironomid
Range: Marshalls, Yap, Chuuk, Caroline Atolls
Family Culicidae (mosquitos)
Scientific name: Aedes marshallensis
Common name: tree-hole mosquito
Range: Marshalls, Kiribati, Caroline Atolls, Kosrae
Family Dropsophilidae (vinegar flies)
Scientific name: Microdrosophila errator
Common name: vinegar fly
Range: Marshalls, Pohnpei, Kosrae
Family Neiidae - FAMILY ENDEMIC TO MICRONESIA
Scientific name: Telostlinus longicoxa
Common name: neiid
Range: Marshalls, Micronesia
Family Platystomatidae
Scientific name: Scholastes carolinensis
Common name: platystomatid
Range: Marshalls, Pohnpei
Family Scatopsidae
Scientific name: Hologlagis guamensis
Common name: scatopsid
Range: Marshalls, Guam, Carolines, Hawaii
Family Stratiomyidae (aquatic soldier flies)
Scientific name: Cephlochrysa rugulosa
Common name: aquatic soldier fly
Range: Marshalls, Pohnpei, Kosrae
Order Hymenoptera (ants, bees, wasps)
Family Cynipidae (gall wasps)
Scientific name: Pseudeucoila gressitti
Common name: gall wasp
Range: Marshalls, Chuuk
Family Eucharidae - FAMILY ENDEMIC TO MICRONESIA
Scientific name: Parachalcura maculata
Common name: eucharid
Range: Marshalls, Caroline Atolls
Family Eulophidae
Scientific name: Hemiptarsenus carolinsis
Common name: eulophid
Range: Marshalls, Kiribati, Yap, Caroline Atolls
Scientific name: Echromomorpha agrostoria subsp.
Common name: eulophid
Range: Marshalls, Micronesia
Scientific name: Echromomorpha agrostoria subsp.
Common name: eulophid
Range: Marshalls, Micronesia
Scientific name: Echromomorpha agrostoria subsp.
Common name: eulophid
Range: Marshalls, Micronesia
Scientific name: Eulophidae sp.
Common name: eulophid
Range: Marshalls, Micronesia
Scientific name: Eulophidae sp.
Common name: eulophid
Range: Marshalls, Micronesia
ECHINODERMS
Family Crinoidea (crinoids, feather stars)
Scientific name: Liparometra regalis
Common name: crinoid
Range: Marshalls, Tonga
FISHES
Family Muraenidae (morays)
Scientific name: Gymnothorax marshallensis
Common name: Marshall Islands moray
Range: Marshalls, Carolines, Marianas
Family Ophichthidae (snake eels)
Scientific name: Mauaenichthys sibogae
Common name: snake eel
Range: Arno, Timor, Samoa
Family Gobiesocidae (clingfishes)
Scientific name: Liobranchio stria
Common name: minute clingfish
Range: Marshalls, Marianas
Family Cirrhitidae (hawkfishes)
Scientific name: Isocirrhites sexfasciatus
Common name: six-banded hawkfish
Range: Marshalls, Tuamotus
Family Chaetodonidae (butterflyfishes)
Scientific name: Chaetodon tinkeri
Common name: Tinker's butterflyfish
Range: Marshalls, Johnston, Hawaii
Family Pomacanthidae (angelfishes)
Scientific name: Centropyge multicolor
Common name: multicolor angelfish
Range: Marshalls, Kosrae, Pohnpei, Society, Hawaii
Family Pomacentridae (damselfishes)
Scientific name: Chrysiptera traceyi
Common name: Tracy's demoiselle
Range: Marshalls, other major Micronesian island groups
Scientific name: Pomochromis exilis
Common name: slender reef-damsel
Range: Enewetak, Chuuk
Family Labridae (wrasses)
Scientific name: Cirrhilabrus luteovittatus
Common name: yellowband wrasse
Range: Enewetak, Kwajelein, Pohnpei
Scientific name: Cirrhilabrus new sp.
Common name: wrasse
Range: Marshalls, Chuuk (others?)
Scientific name: Labropsis micronesica
Common name: Micronesian wrasse
Range: Marshalls, Carolines, Marianas
Family Tripterygiidae (triplefins)
Scientific name: Enneaptergius nanus
Common name: pygmy triplefin
Range: Marshalls, Marianas
Family Blenniidae (blennies)
Scientific name: Rhabdoblennius rhabdotrachelus
Common name: blenny
Range: Marshalls, Carolines, Marianas, Marquesa, Ducie
Family Gobiidae (gobies)
Scientific name: Fusigobius signipinnis
Common name: signal goby
Range: Marshalls (?), Guam, Ryukyus
Scientific name: Oplopomops diacanthus
Common name: hole goby
Range: Marshalls, Kapingamarangi (?), Phoenix Island
Family Kraemeriidae (sand darts)
Scientific name: Kraemeria bryani
Common name: Bryan's sand dart
Range: Marshalls, Hawaii, Societies
Family Soleidae (soles)
Scientific name: Aseraggodes whitakeri
Common name: Whitaker's sole
Range: Rongerik, Societies
REPTILES
Family Scincidae (skinks)
Scientific name: Emoia arnoensis
Common name: Arno skink
Range: Marshalls, Carolines, Nauru
Scientific name: Emoia boettgeri
Common name: Boettger's skink
Range: Marshalls, Carolines
BIRDS
Family Columbidae (pigeons and doves)
Scientific name: Ducula oceanica
Common name: Micronesian Pigeon x
Range: Marshalls, Palau, Yap, Chuuk, Pohnpei, Kosrae, Kiribati
Scientific name: Ducula oceanica oceanica
Common name: oceanic Micronesian Pigeon
Range: Ailinglaplap, Namdrik, Jaluit, Kosrae
Scientific name: Ptilinopus porphyraceus hemsheimi
Common name: purple-capped fruit-dove
Range: Ebon, Kosrae; EXTIRPATED ON EBON
MAMMALS
Scientific name: Monochus schauinslandi
Common name: Hawaiian monk seal
Range: Hawaii (seems to occasionally wander to Marshalls)
REFERENCES
National Biodiversity Team of the RMI, 2000. The Marshall Islands - Living Atols Amidst the Living Sea/ The National Biodiversity Report of the Republic of the Marshall Islands. © RMI Biodiversity Project. ISBN 982-9045-02-1, St. Hildegard Publishing Company, Santa Clarita, CA, USA.
Abbott, R. Tucker and S. Peter Dance 1990. Compendium of Seashells. American Malacologists, Inc. Melbourne, Florida
Baker, Rollin H. 1951. The Avifauna of Micronesia, Its Origin, Evolution, and Distribution. University of Kansas Publications, Lawrence, Kansas
Brown, Walter C. 1991. Lizards of the Genus Emoia (Scincidae) with Observations of Their Evolution and Biogeography
Eldredge, Lucius Q. 1990. Annotated Checklist of Marine Mammals of Micronesia. Micronesica, Vol. 24 (2), pp. 217-230
Fosberg, F. R., Marie-Helene Sachet and Royce Oliver 1987. A Geographical Checklist of the Micronesian Monocotyledonae. Micronesica, Vol. 20 (1-2), pp. 19-129
Gosliner, Terrance M., David W. Behrens, and Gary C. Williams 1996. Coral Reef Animals of the Indo-Pacific. Sea Challengers, Montery, California
Kay, E. Alison and Scott Johnson 1987. Mollusca of Enewetak Atoll, pp. 105-146. in Devaney, Dennis M., Ernst S. Reese, Beatrice L. Burch, and Philip Helfrich (eds.). The Natural History of Enewetak Atoll, Vol. II, Biogeography and Systematics. United States Department of Energy, Washington, D.C.
Lieske, Ewald and Robert Myers. Coral Reef Fishes. HarperCollins Publishers, London, England
Miller, Harvey Alfred 1968b. Hepaticae from Truk, Caroline Islands. Micronesica, Vol. 4 (2), pp. 239-254
Myers, Robert F. 1989. Micronesian Reef Fishes. Coral Graphics, Barridgada, Guam
Pratt, H. Douglas, Phillip L. Bruner and Delwyn G. Berrett 1987. The Birds of Hawaii and the Tropical Pacific. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey
Randall, John E. 1988. Five New Wrasses of the Genera Cirrhilabrus and Paracheilus (Perciformes: Labridae) from the Marshall Islands. Micronesica, Vol. 21 (1-2), pp. 199-226
Roth, Alex Jr. 1990. Mollusks of the Southern Marianas Islands. Aljemasu Enterprises, Tamuning, Guam
Rutherford, Joan, Alele Museum Shell Collection
Samuelson, G. Alien and Gordon M. Nishida 1987. Insects and Allies (Arthropoda) of Enewetak Atoll, pp. 147-178. in Devaney, Dennis M., Ernst S. Reese, Beatrice L. Burch, and Philip Helfrich (eds.). The Natural History of Enewetak Atoll, Vol. II, Biogeography and Systematics. United States Department of Energy, Washington, D.C.
Smith, Barry D. 1992. Working List of the Prosobranch Gastropods of Guam (revised). Marine Laboratory, University of Guam
Usinger, R. L and Ira La Rivers 1953. The Insect Life of Arno. Atoll Reseach Bulletin, No. 15, pp. 1-28
Whistler, Art and Otto Steele, 1999. Botanical Survey of Kwajelein Atoll (USAKA) Islands. Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education and The U.S. Army Environmental Center
Zmarzley, D. L. 1984. Distribution and Ecology of Shallow-water Crinoids at Enewetak Atoll, Marshall Islands, with an Annotated Checklist of Their Symbiots. Pacific Science, Vol. 38, No. 2, pp.105-122
_________ 1987. The Shallow-water Crinoid Fauna of Kwajelein Atoll, Marshall Islands: Ecological Observations, Interatoll Comparisons and Zoogeographic Affinities. Pacific Science, Vol. 39, No. 4