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Endemic Species and Subspecies of the Marshalls
Contents:  PLANTSANIMALSCNIDARIANSMOLLUSKSARTHROPODSARACHNIDSPYCNOGONIDSINSECTSOrder Heteroptera (true bugs)Order Homoptera (hoppers, aphids, scales, etc.)Order Coleoptera (beetles)Order Diptera (flies, gnats, midges, etc.)Order Hymenoptera (ants, bees, wasps)CRUSTACEANSBRYOZOANSBRACHIOPODSECHINODERMSFISHESBIRDSREFERENCESEndemic - "native of, but confined to, a definite geographic area, such as a single island of part of an island". Scientific name: Lepturus gasparricensis Common name: grass Range limit: Bokak, Wake Scientific name: Gossypium hirsutum var. "wild form of hirsatum of an unusual type" Common name: Polynesian cotton Range limit: Wake - no agreement as to whether truly native or not; if so, possibly only plant endemic to single atoll anywhere Scientific name: Pandanus tectorius varieties (also forms and clones) Common name: pandanus Range limit: Marshalls ANIMALS  CNIDARIANS Scientific name: Distichopora sp. Common name: lace coral (bicolored, red/white) Range limit: Marshalls MOLLUSKS Scientific name: Assiminea nitida marshallensis Common name: land snail Range limit: Marshalls ARTHROPODS ARACHNIDS Order Pseudoscorpionida Scientific name: Garypus ornatus Common name: pseudoscorpion Range limit: Bikini Scientific name: Xenolpium oceanicum latum Common name: pseudoscorpion Range limit: Lae, Ujae, Utdrik PYCNOGONIDS Scientific name: Ammothella stauromata Common name: sea spider Range limit: Enewetak Scientific name: Anoplodactylus marshallensis Common name: sea spider Range limit: Enewetak Scientific name: Nyphon micronesicum Common name: sea spider Range limit: Bikini, Namu - Scientific name: Pycnopallene spp. (endemic genus) Common name: sea spider Range limit: Marshalls (?) Scientific name: Spasmopallene spp. (endemic genus) Common name: sea spider Range limit: Marshalls (?) Scientific name: Stylopallene spp. (endemic genus) Common name: sea spider Range limit: Marshalls (?) INSECTS Order Heteroptera (true bugs) Scientific name: Riptortus saileri Common name: leaf-footed bug Range limit: Kwajelein Scientific name: Campylomma eniwetak Common name: plant bug Range limit: Enewetak Order Homoptera (hoppers, aphids, scales, etc.) Scientific name: Ugyops kinbergi mayas Common name: leafhopper Range limit: Ratak, Ralik Scientific name: Lamenia caliginea charon Common name: hopper Range limit: Marshalls Order Coleoptera (beetles) Scientific name: Cerasium unicolor marshallum Common name: longhom beetle Range limit: Majuro Scientific name: Cerasium robustum Common name: longhom beetle Range limit: Arno Scientific name: Prosoplus major Common name: longhom beetle Range limit: Ratak Scientific name: Prosoplus hibisci Common name: longhom beetle Range limit: Ratak Scientific name: Oopsis marshallensis Common name: longhom beetle Range limit: Ratak, Ralik Scientific name: Melanoxanthus lariversi Common name: click beetle Range limit: Arno Scientific name: Simodactylus marshallensis Common name: click beetle Range limit: Kwajelein Scientific name: Chariotheca costata Common name: darkling ground beetle Range limit: Arno, Ailinglaplap Scientific name: Tagalus angustus Common name: darkling ground beetle Range limit: Amo Order Diptera (flies, gnats, midges, etc.) Scientific name: Nocticanace marshallensis Common name: (Micronesian only family) Range limit: Marshalls Scientific name: Forcipomya tuthilli Common name: no-see-um, sandfly Range limit: Enewetak Scientific name: Dasyhelea migristigmata Common name: no-see-um, sandfly Range limit: Ailinglaplap Scientific name: Dasyhelea sp. no. 1 Common name: no-see-um, sandfly Range limit: Amo Scientific name: Clunio tuthilli Common name: water midge Range limit: Enewetak Scientific name: Cricotopus sp. no. 1 Common name: water midge Range limit: Kwajelein Scientific name: Scythroporhroa tripinosa Common name: root gnat Range limit: Kwajelein Scientific name: Plastosciara jaluitensis Common name: root gnat Range limit: Jaluit Scientific name: Limonia beardsleyi Common name: crane fly Range limit: Namu, Kili, Namdnk Scientific name: Limonia sentifera Common name: crane fly Range limit: Namu, Amo Order Hymenoptera (ants, bees, wasps) Scientific name: Cirrospiloideus fullawayi Common name: wasp Range limit: Ebon CRUSTACEANS Order Stomatopoda (mantis shrimps) Scientific name: Gonodactylus insularis Common name: mantis shrimp Range limit: Enewetak Scientific name: Gonodactylus micronesica Common name: mantis shrimp Range limit: Enewetak Family Xanthidae (dark-fingered coral crabs) Scientific name: Etisus sp. Common name: coral crab Range limit: Marshalls BRYOZOANS Scientific name: Celleporaria new sp. ("eniwetokensis") Common name: bryozoa Range limit: Enewetak, other atolls? Scientific name: Cosciniopsis new sp. ("enewetakensis") Common name: bryozoa Range limit: Enewetak, other atolls? Scientific name: Figularia new sp. ("cribricapilata") Common name: bryozoa Range limit: Enewetak Scientific name: Porella new sp. ("ikurenensis") Common name: bryozoa Range limit: Enewetak, other atolls? Scientific name: Thornelya new sp. ("aniyaaniensis") Common name: bryozoa Range limit: Enewetak, other atolls? Scientific name: Thornelya new sp. ("marshallensis") Common name: bryozoa Range limit: Enewetak, other atolls? BRACHIOPODS Scientific name: Argyrotheca arguta Common name: lamp shell, brachiopod Range limit: Enewetak, Bikini (others?) ECHINODERMS Scientific name: Eudiocrinus tenuissimus Common name: crinoid Range limit: Enewetak, Jaluit FISHES Scientific name: Amphiprion tricinctus Common name: three-banded anemonefish Range limit: Ratak and Ralik, 2 color variations, in specific types of anemones, exported for aquarium trade Scientific name: Callogobius bauchotae Common name: Bauchot's goby Range limit: Marshalls Scientific name: Cirricaecula johnsoni Common name: fringelip snake eel Range limit: Rongerik, one specimen only ever collected, from surge-washed sand patch Scientific name: Cirrhilabrus baleatus Common name: girdled wrasse Range limit: Enewetak, Bikini, Kwajelein, Rongelap (others?) Scientific name: Cirrhilabrus johnsoni Common name: Johnson's wrasse Range limit: Kwajelein, Enewetak (others?) Scientific name: Cirrhilabrus rhomboidalis Common name: rhomboid wrasse Range limit: Kwajelein (others?) Scientific name: Paracheilinus bellae Common name: Bell's wrasse Range limit: Kwajelein (others?) BIRDS Scientific name: Gallirallus wakensis Common name: Wake Rail Range limit: Wake only, EXTINCT Scientific name: Ducula oceanica ratakensis Common name: Ratak Micronesian Pigeon Range limit: Amo, Mili, EXTIRPATED on WSL Maloelap, Majuro (other atolls?) REFERENCES National Biodiversity Team of the RMI, 2000. The Marshall Islands - Living Atols Amidst the Living Sea/ The National Biodiversity Report of the Republic of the Marshall Islands. © RMI Biodiversity Project. ISBN 982-9045-02-1, St. Hildegard Publishing Company, Santa Clarita, CA, USA. Baker, Rollin H. 1951. The Avifauna of Micronesia, Its Origin, Evolution, and Distribution. University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas Child, Allan C. 1982. Pycnogonida of the Western Pacific Islands I. The Marshall Islands. Proceedings of the Biological Society, Washington, Vol. 95 (2), pp. 270-281 Fautin, Daphne G. and Gerald R. Allen 1992. Field Guide to Anemonefishes and their Host Sea Anemones. Western Australian Museum, Perth, Australia Fosberg, F. R. 1992. The Coral Island Environment and its Relevance to Atoll Agriculture, in Chase, Robert G. Review of Agricultural Development in the Atolls, pp. 45-54 University of the South Pacific, Apia, Western Samoa Fosberg, F. R. and Marie-Helene Sachet 1969. Wake Island Vegetation and Flora, 1961-1963. Atoll Research Bulletin, No.123.pp.1-15 Fosberg, F. R., Marie-Helene Sachet and Royce Oliver 1979. A Geographical Checklist of the Micronesian Dicotyledonae. Micronesica, Vol. 15 (1-2), pp. 41-295 __________ 1987. A Geographical Checklist of the Micronesian Monocotyledonae. Micronesica, Vol. 20 (1-2), pp.19-129 Gosliner, Terrence M., David W. Behrens, and Gary C. Williams 1996. Coral Reef Animals of the Indo-Pacific. Sea Challengers, Monterey, California Grant, Richard E. 1983. Argyrotheca argguta, a new species of brachiopod from the Marshall Islands, Western Pacific. Proceedings of the Biological Society, Washington. 96 (1), pp.178-180 Kay, E. Alison and Scott Johnson 1987. Mollusca of Enevetak Atoll, pp. 105-146. in Devaney, Dennis M., Ernst S. Reese, Beatrice L. Burch, and Philip Helfrich (eds.).The Natural History of Enewetak Atoll, Vol. II, Biogeography and Systematics. United States Department of Energy, Washington, D.C. Lieske, Ewald and Robert Myers 1994. Coral Reef Fishes. HaperCollins Publishers, London, England Myers, Robert F. 1989. Micronesian Reef Fishes. Coral Graphics, Barrigada, Guam Pratt, H. Douglas, Phillip L. Bruner and Delwyn G. Berrett. The Birds of Hawaii and the Tropical Pacific. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey . Randall, John E. 1988. Five New Wrasses of the genera Cirrhilabrus and Paracheilinus (Perciformes: Labridae) from the Marshall Islands. Micronesica, Vol. 21 (1-2), pp. 199-226 Samuelson, G. Alien and Gordon M. Nishida 1987. Insects and Allies (Arthropoda) of Enewetak Atoll, pp. 147-178. in Devaney, Dennis M., Ernst S. Reese, Beatrice L. Burch and Philip Helfrich (eds.). The Natural History of Enewetak Atoll, Vol. II, Biogeography and Systematics. United States Department of Energy, Washington, D.C. Zmarzley, D. L. 1984. Distribution and Ecology Shallow-water Crinoids at Enewetak Atoll, Marshall Islands, with an Annotated Checklist of Their Symbiots. Pacific Science, Vol. 38, No.2, pp. 105-122 ________ 1987. The Shallow-water Crinoid Fauna of Kwajelein Atoll, Marshall Islands: Ecological Observations, Interatoll Comparisons and Zoogeographic Affinities. Pacific Science, Vol. 39, No. 4 |
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