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Endemic Species and Subspecies of the Marshalls and Micronesia Contents:  PLANTSClass Hepaticae (liverworts)Family Poaceae (grasses)Family Liliaceae (lilies)ANIMALSCNIDARIANSFamily StylasteridaeFamily Gorgonia?Sea anemones, etc.MOLLUSKSOrder MesogastropodaFamily AssimineidaeFamily StrombidaeFamily PupinidaeARTHROPODSARACHNIDAOrder PseudoscorpionidaOrder Opiliones (harvestmen)INSECTSOrder Embioptera (web spinners)Order Psocoptera (book lice)Order Heteroptera (true bugs)Order Homoptera (hoppers, aphids, scales, etc.)Order Coleoptera (beetles)Order Lepidoptera (moths and butterflies)Order Diptera (flies, gnats, midges, etc.)Order Hymenoptera (ants, bees, wasps)ECHINODERMSFISHESREPTILESBIRDSMAMMALSREFERENCESEndemic - "native of, but confined to, a definite geographic area, such as a single island of part of an island". Class Hepaticae (liverworts) Scientific name: Cololejeunea kapingaensis Common name: liverwort Range: Southern Marshalls, Carolines Scientific name: Lejenea aloboidea Common name: liverwort Range: Southern Marshalls, Carolines Scientific name: Lejenea clavata Common name: liverwort Range: Southern Marshalls, Carolines  Family Poaceae (grasses) Scientific name: Lepturopetium marshallense Common name: grass Range: Enewetak, Kwajelein, Rota Family Liliaceae (lilies) Scientific name: Crinum bakeri Common name: false spider lily Range: Marshalls, Kiribati, some isolated Caroline atolls (figured to be of prehistoric horticultural origin) ANIMALS CNIDARIANS Family Stylasteridae Scientific name: Distichopora sp. Common name: lace coral (violet with white tips) Range: Micronesia Family Gorgonia? Scientific name: Acabaria sp. Common name: sea fan Range: Micronesia Sea anemones, etc. Scientific name: cf. Condylactis sp. Common name: sea anemone in coral rubble Range: Micronesia Scientific name: Protopalythoa sp. Common name: zoanthid Range: Micronesia Scientific name: Discosoma sp. Common name: corallimorpharia Range: Micronesia MOLLUSKS Order Mesogastropoda Family Assimineidae Scientific name: Paludinella semperi Common name: operculate freshwater snail Range: Marshalls, Palau Family Strombidae Scientific name: Strombus taurus Common name: bull conch Range: Marshalls, Marianas Family Pupinidae Scientific name: Pupina complanata Common name: pupina Range: Marshalls, Federated States of Micronesia ARTHROPODS ARACHNIDA Order Pseudoscorpionida Scientific name: Lechytia sakagamii Common name: pseudoscorpion Range: Marshalls, Caroline Atolls, Marcus Scientific name: Nesidiochernes maculatus Common name: pseudoscorpion Range: Marshalls, Kosrae Scientific name: Oratemnus samoanus whartoni Common name: pseudoscorpion Range: Enewetak, Western Carolines, Okinawa Order Opiliones (harvestmen) Scientific name: Zalmoxis soliataria Common name: harvestman Range: Marshalls, Pohnpei INSECTS Order Embioptera (web spinners) Scientific name: Oligotoma (Apothonia) micronesiae Common name: web spinner Range: Marshalls, Kiribati, Marianas Order Psocoptera (book lice) Scientific name: Entopsocus villosus Common name: book louse Range: Marshalls, Chuuk, Pohnpei, Kosrae Scientific name: Heterocaecilius campanula Common name: book louse Range: Marshalls, Caroline Atolls, Pohnpei, Kiribati Order Heteroptera (true bugs) Scientific name: Chiastoplonia pygmaea Common name: pygmy flat bug Range: Marshalls, Carolines, Samoa Scientific name: Nysius picipes Common name: chinch bug Range: Marshalls, Wake, Kiribati Scientific name: Campylomma marshallensis Common name: plant bugs Range: Marshalls, Kiribati Order Homoptera (hoppers, aphids, scales, etc.) Family Cixidae - FAMILY ENDEMIC TO CENTRAL EASTERN CAROLINES AND MARSHALLS Scientific name: Myndus apicalis Common name: cixid insect Range: Marshalls, Caroline Atolls, Chuuk, Pohnpei, Kosrae Scientific name: Myndus praecanus Common name: cixid insect Range: Marshalls, Pohnpei, Kosrae Family Delphacidae Scientific name: Ugyops superciliata Common name: delphacid insect Range: Marshalls, Caroline Atolls Family Derbidae Scientific name: Flaccia dione Common name: derbid insect Range: Marshalls, Caroline Atolls, Kosrae Family Diaspididae Scientific name: Furcapsis oceanica Common name: coconut red scale Range: Marshalls, Micronesia Family Pseudococcidae Scientific name: Pseudococcus marshallensis Common name: Marshall's mealybug Range: Marshalls, Kosrae Scientific name: Pseudococcus microadonidum Common name: mealybug Range: Marshalls, Kiribati, Chuuk, Pohnpei Order Coleoptera (beetles) Family Anthicidae Scientific name: Anthicus insularis Common name: anthicid beetle Range: Marshalls, Micronesia Scientific name: Anthicus vexator Common name: anthicid beetle Range: Marshalls, Carolines, Kiribati, Phoenix, Hawaii Family Cerambycidae (longhorn beetles) Scientific name: Parmeopedus minimus Common name: longhorn beetle Range: Marshalls, Caroline Atolls, Chuuk, Pohnpei Scientific name: Prosoplus atlanticus atlanticus Common name: longhorn beetle Range: Marshalls, Pohnpei Scientific name: Prosoplus xyalopus Common name: longhorn beetle Range: Marshalls, Kiribati, Yap, Caroline Atolls Family Chrisomelidae Scientific name: Brontispa chalybeipennis Common name: Pohnpei coconut leaf beetle Range: Marshalls, Pohnpei, Kosrae (introduced into Hawaii) Family Coccinellidae (ladybird beetles) Scientific name: Scymnus uncinus Common name: ladybird beetle Range: Marshalls, Kiribati Family Curculionidae (weevils) Scientific name: Trigonops hirsuta Common name: weevil Range: Marshalls, Guam Family Oedemeridae Scientific name: Eobia new sp. Common name: oedemid beetle Range: Marshalls, Kiribati " Family Propalticidae Scientific name: Propalticus insularis Common name: propalticid beetle Range: Marshalls, Micronesia Family Scolytidae (bark beetles) Scientific name: Cryphalomophus nubilus Common name: bark beetle Range: Marshalls, Kosrae, Caroline Atolls Family Tenebrionidae (darkling ground beetles) Scientific name: Uloma lariversi Common name: darkling ground beetle Range: Marshalls, Kosrae Order Lepidoptera (moths and butterflies) Family Noctuidae Scientific name: Nagia hieratica Common name: cutworm Range: Marshalls, Kiribati, Yap, Pohnpei Order Diptera (flies, gnats, midges, etc.) Family Canaceidae - FAMILY ENDEMIC TO MICRONESIA Scientific name: Procanace townesi Common name: canaceid Range: Marshalls, Kosrae Family Ceratopogonidae (biting midges, sand flies, no-see-ums) Scientific name: Dasyhelea flavibasalis Common name: sand fly/no-see-um Range: Marshalls, Pohnpei? Scientific name: Dasyhelea pallivitta Common name: sand fly/no-see-um Range: Marshalls, Kosrae Family Chironomidae Scientific name: Smittia yapensis Common name: chironomid Range: Marshalls, Yap, Chuuk, Caroline Atolls Family Culicidae (mosquitos) Scientific name: Aedes marshallensis Common name: tree-hole mosquito Range: Marshalls, Kiribati, Caroline Atolls, Kosrae Family Dropsophilidae (vinegar flies) Scientific name: Microdrosophila errator Common name: vinegar fly Range: Marshalls, Pohnpei, Kosrae Family Neiidae - FAMILY ENDEMIC TO MICRONESIA Scientific name: Telostlinus longicoxa Common name: neiid Range: Marshalls, Micronesia Family Platystomatidae Scientific name: Scholastes carolinensis Common name: platystomatid Range: Marshalls, Pohnpei Family Scatopsidae Scientific name: Hologlagis guamensis Common name: scatopsid Range: Marshalls, Guam, Carolines, Hawaii Family Stratiomyidae (aquatic soldier flies) Scientific name: Cephlochrysa rugulosa Common name: aquatic soldier fly Range: Marshalls, Pohnpei, Kosrae Order Hymenoptera (ants, bees, wasps) Family Cynipidae (gall wasps) Scientific name: Pseudeucoila gressitti Common name: gall wasp Range: Marshalls, Chuuk Family Eucharidae - FAMILY ENDEMIC TO MICRONESIA Scientific name: Parachalcura maculata Common name: eucharid Range: Marshalls, Caroline Atolls Family Eulophidae Scientific name: Hemiptarsenus carolinsis Common name: eulophid Range: Marshalls, Kiribati, Yap, Caroline Atolls Scientific name: Echromomorpha agrostoria subsp. Common name: eulophid Range: Marshalls, Micronesia Scientific name: Echromomorpha agrostoria subsp. Common name: eulophid Range: Marshalls, Micronesia Scientific name: Echromomorpha agrostoria subsp. Common name: eulophid Range: Marshalls, Micronesia Scientific name: Eulophidae sp. Common name: eulophid Range: Marshalls, Micronesia Scientific name: Eulophidae sp. Common name: eulophid Range: Marshalls, Micronesia ECHINODERMS Family Crinoidea (crinoids, feather stars) Scientific name: Liparometra regalis Common name: crinoid Range: Marshalls, Tonga FISHES Family Muraenidae (morays) Scientific name: Gymnothorax marshallensis Common name: Marshall Islands moray Range: Marshalls, Carolines, Marianas Family Ophichthidae (snake eels) Scientific name: Mauaenichthys sibogae Common name: snake eel Range: Arno, Timor, Samoa Family Gobiesocidae (clingfishes) Scientific name: Liobranchio stria Common name: minute clingfish Range: Marshalls, Marianas Family Cirrhitidae (hawkfishes) Scientific name: Isocirrhites sexfasciatus Common name: six-banded hawkfish Range: Marshalls, Tuamotus Family Chaetodonidae (butterflyfishes) Scientific name: Chaetodon tinkeri Common name: Tinker's butterflyfish Range: Marshalls, Johnston, Hawaii Family Pomacanthidae (angelfishes) Scientific name: Centropyge multicolor Common name: multicolor angelfish Range: Marshalls, Kosrae, Pohnpei, Society, Hawaii Family Pomacentridae (damselfishes) Scientific name: Chrysiptera traceyi Common name: Tracy's demoiselle Range: Marshalls, other major Micronesian island groups Scientific name: Pomochromis exilis Common name: slender reef-damsel Range: Enewetak, Chuuk Family Labridae (wrasses) Scientific name: Cirrhilabrus luteovittatus Common name: yellowband wrasse Range: Enewetak, Kwajelein, Pohnpei Scientific name: Cirrhilabrus new sp. Common name: wrasse Range: Marshalls, Chuuk (others?) Scientific name: Labropsis micronesica Common name: Micronesian wrasse Range: Marshalls, Carolines, Marianas Family Tripterygiidae (triplefins) Scientific name: Enneaptergius nanus Common name: pygmy triplefin Range: Marshalls, Marianas Family Blenniidae (blennies) Scientific name: Rhabdoblennius rhabdotrachelus Common name: blenny Range: Marshalls, Carolines, Marianas, Marquesa, Ducie Family Gobiidae (gobies) Scientific name: Fusigobius signipinnis Common name: signal goby Range: Marshalls (?), Guam, Ryukyus Scientific name: Oplopomops diacanthus Common name: hole goby Range: Marshalls, Kapingamarangi (?), Phoenix Island Family Kraemeriidae (sand darts) Scientific name: Kraemeria bryani Common name: Bryan's sand dart Range: Marshalls, Hawaii, Societies Family Soleidae (soles) Scientific name: Aseraggodes whitakeri Common name: Whitaker's sole Range: Rongerik, Societies REPTILES Family Scincidae (skinks) Scientific name: Emoia arnoensis Common name: Arno skink Range: Marshalls, Carolines, Nauru Scientific name: Emoia boettgeri Common name: Boettger's skink Range: Marshalls, Carolines BIRDS Family Columbidae (pigeons and doves) Scientific name: Ducula oceanica Common name: Micronesian Pigeon x Range: Marshalls, Palau, Yap, Chuuk, Pohnpei, Kosrae, Kiribati  Scientific name: Ducula oceanica oceanica Common name: oceanic Micronesian Pigeon Range: Ailinglaplap, Namdrik, Jaluit, Kosrae Scientific name: Ptilinopus porphyraceus hemsheimi Common name: purple-capped fruit-dove Range: Ebon, Kosrae; EXTIRPATED ON EBON MAMMALS Scientific name: Monochus schauinslandi Common name: Hawaiian monk seal Range: Hawaii (seems to occasionally wander to Marshalls) REFERENCES National Biodiversity Team of the RMI, 2000. The Marshall Islands - Living Atols Amidst the Living Sea/ The National Biodiversity Report of the Republic of the Marshall Islands. © RMI Biodiversity Project. ISBN 982-9045-02-1, St. Hildegard Publishing Company, Santa Clarita, CA, USA. Abbott, R. Tucker and S. Peter Dance 1990. Compendium of Seashells. American Malacologists, Inc. Melbourne, Florida Baker, Rollin H. 1951. The Avifauna of Micronesia, Its Origin, Evolution, and Distribution. University of Kansas Publications, Lawrence, Kansas Brown, Walter C. 1991. Lizards of the Genus Emoia (Scincidae) with Observations of Their Evolution and Biogeography Eldredge, Lucius Q. 1990. Annotated Checklist of Marine Mammals of Micronesia. Micronesica, Vol. 24 (2), pp. 217-230 Fosberg, F. R., Marie-Helene Sachet and Royce Oliver 1987. A Geographical Checklist of the Micronesian Monocotyledonae. Micronesica, Vol. 20 (1-2), pp. 19-129 Gosliner, Terrance M., David W. Behrens, and Gary C. Williams 1996. Coral Reef Animals of the Indo-Pacific. Sea Challengers, Montery, California Kay, E. Alison and Scott Johnson 1987. Mollusca of Enewetak Atoll, pp. 105-146. in Devaney, Dennis M., Ernst S. Reese, Beatrice L. Burch, and Philip Helfrich (eds.). The Natural History of Enewetak Atoll, Vol. II, Biogeography and Systematics. United States Department of Energy, Washington, D.C. Lieske, Ewald and Robert Myers. Coral Reef Fishes. HarperCollins Publishers, London, England Miller, Harvey Alfred 1968b. Hepaticae from Truk, Caroline Islands. Micronesica, Vol. 4 (2), pp. 239-254 Myers, Robert F. 1989. Micronesian Reef Fishes. Coral Graphics, Barridgada, Guam Pratt, H. Douglas, Phillip L. Bruner and Delwyn G. Berrett 1987. The Birds of Hawaii and the Tropical Pacific. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey Randall, John E. 1988. Five New Wrasses of the Genera Cirrhilabrus and Paracheilus (Perciformes: Labridae) from the Marshall Islands. Micronesica, Vol. 21 (1-2), pp. 199-226 Roth, Alex Jr. 1990. Mollusks of the Southern Marianas Islands. Aljemasu Enterprises, Tamuning, Guam Rutherford, Joan, Alele Museum Shell Collection Samuelson, G. Alien and Gordon M. Nishida 1987. Insects and Allies (Arthropoda) of Enewetak Atoll, pp. 147-178. in Devaney, Dennis M., Ernst S. Reese, Beatrice L. Burch, and Philip Helfrich (eds.). The Natural History of Enewetak Atoll, Vol. II, Biogeography and Systematics. United States Department of Energy, Washington, D.C. Smith, Barry D. 1992. Working List of the Prosobranch Gastropods of Guam (revised). Marine Laboratory, University of Guam Usinger, R. L and Ira La Rivers 1953. The Insect Life of Arno. Atoll Reseach Bulletin, No. 15, pp. 1-28 Whistler, Art and Otto Steele, 1999. Botanical Survey of Kwajelein Atoll (USAKA) Islands. Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education and The U.S. Army Environmental Center Zmarzley, D. L. 1984. Distribution and Ecology of Shallow-water Crinoids at Enewetak Atoll, Marshall Islands, with an Annotated Checklist of Their Symbiots. Pacific Science, Vol. 38, No. 2, pp.105-122 _________ 1987. The Shallow-water Crinoid Fauna of Kwajelein Atoll, Marshall Islands: Ecological Observations, Interatoll Comparisons and Zoogeographic Affinities. Pacific Science, Vol. 39, No. 4 |
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