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Animals and Plants of the Marshall Islands Deemed Worthy of Conservation Considerations(species and subspecies that have been found in he Marshalls and have been listed by the Republic of the Marshall Islands, international organizations and nearby countries) Contents:  DEFINITIONS OF TERMS (agency defining):LISTING OF SPECIES:PLANTAE (kingdom of PLANTS)ANIMALIA (kingdom of ANIMALS)COELENTERATA (CNIDARIANS)MOLUSCA (MOLLUSKS)ARTHROPODA (ARTHROPODS)PISCES (FISHES)REPTILIA (REPTILES)AVES (BIRDS)MAMMALIA (MAMMALS)REFERENCESDEFINITIONS OF TERMS (agency defining): EXTINCT (IUCN) - "A taxon is Extinct when there is no reasonable doubt that the last individual has died". CRITICALLY ENDANGERED (IUCN) - A taxon is Extinct in the wild when it is facing an extremely high risk of extinction in the wild in the immediate future." ENDANGERED SPECIES (RMI Endangered Species Act) - any species [any species or subspecies] which is in danger of extinction throughout all or a significant portion of its range"  ENDANGERED (IUCN) - A taxon is Endangered when it is not Critically Endangered but facing a very high risk of extinction in the wild in the near future." ENDANGERED (US Fish and Wildlife) - any species, subspecies, or distinct population of fish or wildlife, or plant which is in danger of extinction through all or a significant portion of its range" THREATENED SPECIES (RMI Endangered Species Act) - any species [any species or subspecies] which is likely to become an endangered species in the foreseeable future throughout all or a significant portion of its range" THREATENED (US Fish and Wildlife) - any species, subspecies, or distinct population of fish or wildlife, or plant which is likely to become an endangered species within the foreseeable future throughout all or a significant portion of its range" SPECIES OF CONCERN (US Fish and Wildlife) - The terms 'Species at Risk' or 'Species of Concern' should be considered as terms-of-art that describe the entire realm of taxa whose conservation status may be of concern to the Service, but neither term has official status." VULNERABLE (IUCN) - A taxon is Vulnerable when it is not Critically Endangered or Endangered but is facing a high risk of extinction in the wild in the medium-term future." RARE (IUCN RED DATA BOOK) - Taxa with small world populations that are not at present 'Endangered' or 'Vulnerable,' but are at risk. These taxa are usually localized within restricted geographical areas or habitats or are thinly scattered over a more extensive range." LOWER RISK (IUCN) - A taxon is Lower Risk when it has been evaluated, does not satisfy the criteria for any of the categories Critically Endangered, Endangered or Vulnerable. Taxa included in Lower Risk category can be separated into three sub-categories: 1. Conservation Dependent. Taxa are the focus of a continuing taxon-specific or habitat-specific conservation programme targeted towards the taxon in question, the cessation of which would result in the taxon qualifying one of the threatened categories above within a period of five years. 2. Near Threatened. Taxa which do not qualify for Conservation Dependent, but which are close to qualifying for Vulnerable. 3. Least Concern. Taxa which do not qualify for Conservation Dependent or Near Threatened. COMMERCIALLY THREATENED (IUCN RED DATA BOOK) - Taxa not currently threatened with extinction but most or all of whose populations are threatened as a sustainable commercial resource, or will become so unless their exploitation is regulated. This category applies only to taxa whose populations are assumed to be relatively large." DATA DEFICIENT (IUCN) - A taxon is Data Deficient when there is inadequate information to make a direct, or indirect, assessment of its risk of extinction based on its distribution and/or population status. A taxon in this category may be well studied, and its biology well known, but appropriate data on abundance and/or distribution is lacking. Data Deficient is therefore not a category of threat or Lower Risk. Listing of taxa in this category indicates that more information is required and acknowledges the possibility that future research will show that threatened classification is appropriate. It is important to make positive use of whatever data is available. In many cases great care should be exercised in choosing between DD [Data Deficient] and threatened status. If the range of a taxon is suspected to be relatively circumscribed, if a considerable period of time has elapsed since the last record of the taxon, threatened status may well be justified. NOT EVALUATED - "A taxon is Not Evaluated when it has not yet been assessed against the criteria." LISTING OF SPECIES: PLANTAE (kingdom of PLANTS) Tthe only plants would be those listed in C.I.T.E.S. Appendix II that are of recent introduction for ornamental purposes - Cactus spp., Cycas family, Aloe spp. and fleshy Euphorbia spp. ANIMALIA (kingdom of ANIMALS) COELENTERATA (CNIDARIANS) Scientific name: All species of coral except those listed separately English name: all corals Status and agency: C.I.T.E.S. Appendix 11 Scientific name: Heliopora spp. English name: Blue coral Status and agency: C.I.T.E.S. Appendix II Scientific name: Tubipora English name: Organ pipe coral Status and agency: C.I.T.E.S. Appendix II Order Antipatharia Scientific name: Family Antipathidae English name: black coral Status and agency: COMMERCIALLY THREATENED - C.I.T.E.S. Appendix II Scientific name: All species of the Order Scleractinia (stony corals) except the following listed separately: English name: stony coral Status and agency: C.I.T.E.S. Appendix II Scientific name: Acropora spp. English name: Staghorn coral Status and agency: C.I.T.E.S. Appendix II Scientific name: Euphyllia spp. English name: Trumpet coral Status and agency: C.I.T.E.S. Appendix II Scientific name: Favia spp. English name: Brain coral Status and agency: C.I.T.E.S. Appendix II Scientific name: Fungia spp, English name: Mushroom coral Status and agency: C.I.T.E.S. Appendix II Scientific name: Halomitra spp. English name: Bowl coral Status and agency: C.I.T.E.S. Appendix II Scientific name: Lobophyllia spp. English name: Brain coral Status and agency: C.I.T.E.S. Appendix II Scientific name: Merulina spp. English name: Merlina Status and agency: C.I.T.E.S. Appendix II Scientific name: Pavona spp. English name: Cactus coral Status and agency: C.I.T.E.S. Appendix II Scientific name: Pectinia spp. English name: Lettuce coral Status and agency: C.I.T.E.S. Appendix II Scientific name: Platygyra spp. English name: Brain coral Status and agency: C.I.T.E.S. Appendix II Scientific name: Pocillopora spp. English name: Brush coral, antler coral Status and agency: C.I.T.E.S. Appendix II Scientific name: Polyphyllia spp. English name: Feather coral Status and agency: C.I.T.E.S. Appendix II Scientific name: Seriatopora spp. English name: Birds nest coral Status and agency: C.I.T.E.S. Appendix II Scientific name: Stylophora spp. English name: Cauliflower coral Status and agency: C.I.T.E.S. Appendix II Scientific name: Millepora spp. English name: Fire coral Status and agency: C.I.T.E.S. Appendix II Scientific name: All species in Stylansteridae English name: Lace coral Status and agency: C.I.T.E.S. Appendix 11 MOLUSCA (MOLLUSKS) Scientific name: Paludinella semperi English name: Land snail Status and agency: DATA DEFICIENT - IUCN Scientific name: Papina companata English name: Land snail Status and agency: DATA DEFICIENT - IUCN Scientific name: Tmncatella guerinii English name: Land snail Status and agency: DATA DEFICIENT - IUCN Scientific name: Charonia tritonis English name: Triton's trumpet Status and agency: RARE - IUCN Scientific name: All species of giant clams except those listed earlier [in time] and separately English name: all species of giant clam Status and agency: C.I.T.E.S. Appendix II Scientific name: Hippopus hippopus English name: Bear paw clam, horse hoof Status and agency: LOWER RISK - (Conservation Dependent) - IUCN; C.I.T.E.S. Appendix II (as noted above) Scientific name: Tridacna derasa English name: Southern giant clam Status and agency: VULNERABLE - IUCN; C.I.T.E.S. Appendix II (this species was recently introduced into the Marshalls for aquaculture purposes) Scientific name: Tridacna gigas English name: Giant clam Status and agency: VULNERABLE - IUCN; C.I.T.E.S. Appendix II Scientific name: Tridacna maxima English name: Small giant clam Status and agency: LOWER RISK - (Conservation Dependent) - IUCN; Scientific name: Tridacna squamosa English name: Fluted giant clam Status and agency: LOWER RISK - (Conservation Dependent) - IUCN; C.I.T.E.S. Appendix 11 (as noted above) ARTHROPODA (ARTHROPODS) Scientific name: Birgus latro English name: Coconut crab Status and agency: DATA DEFICIENT - IUCN PISCES (FISHES) Scientific name: Rhincodon typus English name: Whale shark Status and agency: DATA DEFICIENT - IUCN Scientific name: Carcharodon carcharias English name: Great white shark Status and agency: VULNERABLE - IUCN Scientific name: Carcharhinus limatus English name: Blacktip shark Status and agency: LOWER RISK (near threatened) - IUCN Scientific name: Sphyrnidae spp. English name: Hammerhead shark Status and agency: NOT EVALUATED - IUCN Scientific name: Doryrhamphus dactyliophorus English name: Banded pipefish Status and agency: DATA DEFICIENT - IUCN REPTILIA (REPTILES) Scientific name: Cheloniidae family English name: All sea turtles Status and agency: C.I.T.E.S. Appendix I Scientific name: Chelonia mydas English name: Green turtle Status and agency: ENDANGERED - IUCN, RMI; THREATENED - U.S. Fish and Wildlife; C.I.T.E.S. Appendix I (as noted above) Scientific name: Carefta caretta English name: Loggerhead turtle Status and agency: ENDANGERED - Hawaii; THREATENED - U.S. Fish and Wildlife; C.I.T.E.S. Appendix I (as noted above) Scientific name: Eretmochelys imbricata English name: Hawksbill turtle Status and agency: CRITICALLY ENDANGERED - IUCN; ENDANGERED - RMI, U.S. Fish and Wildlife; C.I.T.E.S. Appendix I (as noted above) Scientific name: Lepidochelys olivacea English name: Pacific Ridley turtle Status and agency: ENDANGERED - IUCN; THREATENED - U.S. Fish and Wildlife; C.I.T.E.S. Appendix I Scientific name: Dermochelys coriacea English name: Leatherback turtle Status and agency: ENDANGERED - RMI, IUCN; THREATENED - U.S. Fish and Wildlife; C.I.T.E.S. Appendix I (as noted above) Scientific name: Varanus spp. English name: Monitor lizard Status and agency: C.I.T.E.S. Appendix II (the mangrove monitor, Varanus indicus, was imported to the Marshall; within the recent past) AVES (BIRDS) Scientific name: Diomedea albatrus English name: Short-tailed Albatross Status and agency: ENDANGERED - IUCN, U.S. Fish and Wildlife, C.I.T.E.S. Appendix I Scientific name: Puffinus bulleri English name: Buller's Shearwater Status and agency: LOWER RISK (Near-Threatened) - IUCN Scientific name: Oceanodroma castro English name: Band-rumped Storm-petrel Status and agency: SPECIES OF SPECIAL CONCERN - Hawaii Scientific name: Gallirallus wakensis English name: Wake Rail Status and agency: EXTINCT - IUCN Scientific name: Nemenius tahitiensis English name: Bristle-thighed Curlew Status and agency: VULNERABLE - IUCN; SPECIES OP SPECIAL CONCERN - Hawaii Scientific name: Ducula oceanica ratakensis English name: Ratak Micronesian Pigeon Status and agency: ENDANGERED - RMI; SPECIES OF SPECIAL CONCERN - U.S. Fish and Wildlife; EXTINCT on Wotje and Majuro (according to islanders) MAMMALIA (MAMMALS) Scientific name: Cetacea English name: All cetaceans Status and agency: C.I.T.E.S. Appendix II (unless in Appendix I) Scientific name: Balaenoptera borealis English name: Sei whale Status and agency: ENDANGERED - IUCN, U.S. Fish and Wildlife, C.I.T.E.S. Appendix II (as noted above) Scientific name: Balaenoptera edeni English name: Bryde's whale Status and agency: DATA DEFICIENT - IUCN; C.I.T.E.S. Appendix II (as noted above) Scientific name: Balaenoptera musculus English name: Blue whale Status and agency: ENDANGERED - RMI, IUCN, U.S. Fish and Wildlife; C.I.T.E.S. Appendix I Scientific name: Megaptera novaengliae English name: Humpback whale Status and agency: ENDANGERED - U.S. Fish and Wildlife; VULNERABLE - IUCN; C.I.T.E.S. Appendix I Scientific name: Physeter macrocephalus = catodon? English name: Sperm whale Status and agency: ENDANGERED - RMI, U.S. Pish and Wildlife; VULNERABLE - IUCN Scientific name: Feresa attenuata English name: Pygmy killer whale Status and agency: DATA DEFICIENT - IUCN; C.I.T.E.S. Appendix II (as noted above) Scientific name: Orcinus orca English name: Killer whale Status and agency: LOWER RISK (Conservation Dependent) - IUCN; C.I.T.E.S. Appendix II (as noted above) Scientific name: Globicephala macrorhynchus English name: Short-finned pilot whale Status and agency: LOWER RISK (Conservation Dependent) - IUCN; C.I.T.E.S. Appendix II (as noted above) Scientific name: Lagenodelphis hosei English name: Eraser's dolphin Status and agency: DATA DEFICIENT - IUCN; C.I.T.E.S. Appendix II (as noted above) Scientific name: Grampus griseus English name: Risson's dolphin Status and agency: DATA DEFICIENT - IUCN; C.I.T.E.S. Appendix II (as noted above) Scientific name: Stenella longirostris English name: Spinner dolphin Status and agency: LOWER RISK (Conservation Dependent) - IUCN; C.I.T.E.S. Appendix II (as noted above) Scientific name: Stenella coeruleoalba English name: Striped dolphin Status and agency: LOWER RISK (Conservation Dependent) - IUCN; Scientific name: Stenella attenuata English name: Pantropical spotted dolphin Status and agency: LOWER RISK (Conservation Dependent) - IUCN; C.I.T.E.S. Appendix II (as noted above) Scientific name: Monochus schauinslandi English name: Hawaiian monk seal Status and agency: ENDANGERED - IUCN, Hawaii, U.S. Fish and Wildlife REFERENCES National Biodiversity Team of the RMI, 2000. The Marshall Islands - Living Atols Amidst the Living Sea/ The National Biodiversity Report of the Republic of the Marshall Islands. © RMI Biodiversity Project. ISBN 982-9045-02-1, St. Hildegard Publishing Company, Santa Clarita, CA, USA. International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources 1983. The IUCN Invertebrate Red Data Book. IUCN, Gland Switzerland ____________ 1994.IUCN Red List Categories. IUCN, Gland Switzerland ____________ 1998. IUCN Red List of Threatened Animals; Database Search Results. IUCN website U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 1996a. PACIFIC ISLANDS (excluding Hawai'i) PLANTS AND ANIMALS: Updated March 1, 1996, Listed, Proposed or Candidate Species, as designated under the U.S. Endangered Species Act. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 1996b. Candidates of Endangered Species Act Protection - 1996 Notice of Review. Q's & A's. |
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